Unit 1: Friendship – Vocabulary and Grammar
Vocabulary
Daily Routines & Activities
- Teen/Teenager: 13-19 yaş arası gençler
- Daily routines: Her gün yapılan günlük rutin işler
- Get up: Uyanmak, kalkmak
- Wake someone up: Birini uyandırmak
- Wash your face and hands: Yüzünü ve ellerini yıkamak
- Have breakfast: Kahvaltı yapmak
- Brush your teeth: Dişlerini fırçalamak
- Take a bath/Take a shower: Banyo yapmak/Duş almak
- Get dressed: Giyinmek
- Go to school: Okula gitmek
- Walk to school/Go to school on foot: Okula yürüyerek gitmek
- Go to school by bus: Okula otobüsle gitmek
- Drive someone to school: Birini okula arabayla götürmek
- Take classes at school: Okulda derslere girmek
- Have lunch: Öğle yemeği yemek
- Come back home: Eve geri gelmek
- Arrive home from school: Okuldan eve gelmek
- Follow after-school activities: Okul sonrası etkinlikleri takip etmek
- Have dinner: Akşam yemeği yemek
- Spend time with family: Aile ile vakit geçirmek
- Do homework: Ödev yapmak
- Go to bed: Yatağa/uykuya gitmek
- Sleep: Uyumak
Fen liseleri taban puanları ve yüzdelik dilimleri için sayfamızı takip ediniz.
Hobbies & Leisure
- Listen to music: Müzik dinlemek
- Read a newspaper: Gazete okumak
- Chat with your friends online: Çevrimiçi arkadaşlarınla sohbet etmek
- Surf the internet: İnternette gezinmek
- Play computer games: Bilgisayar oyunları oynamak
- Play video games: Video oyunları oynamak
- Watch TV programs: Televizyon programları izlemek
- Watch a movie: Film izlemek
- Visit grandparents: Büyükanne ve babayı ziyaret etmek
- Play tennis: Tenis oynamak
- Do karate: Karate yapmak
- Ride a bike: Bisiklete binmek
- Ride a horse: Ata binmek
- Play soccer: Futbol oynamak
- Swim at the pool: Havuzda yüzmek
- Go out: Dışarı çıkmak
- Walk around: Dolaşmak, gezinmek
- Take cooking classes: Yemek dersleri almak
- Skydiving: Paraşütle atlama
- Skating: Patenle kayma
- Snowboarding: Kar kayağı/Snowboard kullanarak kaymak
- Trekking: Yürüyüş
- Campfire: Kamp ateşi
- Take a selfie: Özçekim yapmak
General Verbs
- Greet: Selamlaşmak
- Try: Denemek
- Attend: Katılmak
- Join: Katılmak
- Prefer: Tercih etmek
- Train: Antrenman yapmak
- Look fit: Formda görünmek
- Pay attention: Dikkat etmek
- Contact: İletişim kurmak
- Pick up: Arabayla almak
- Feed: Beslemek
- Prepare: Hazırlamak
- Learn new things: Yeni şeyler öğrenmek
- Stand: Katlanmak, dayanmak
Adjectives
- Unbearable: Katlanılmaz, dayanılmaz
- Interesting: İlginç
- Exciting: Heyecan verici
- Boring: Sıkıcı
- Fun: Eğlenceli
- Trendy: Modaya uygun
- Ridiculous: Gülünç
- Excellent: Mükemmel
- Healthy: Sağlıklı
- Lazy: Tembel
- Enormous: Çok büyük, kocaman
- Huge: Kocaman, dev gibi
- Difficult: Zor
- Expensive: Pahalı
- Ordinary/Usual: Sıradan, olağan, alışılmış
- Interested in: İlgili olmak
Social & Personal Values
- Be respectful of the elderly relatives: Yaşlı (daha büyük) akrabalara saygılı olmak
- Be realistic: Gerçekçi olmak
- Be sensitive: Duyarlı olmak
- Be honest with your friends and parents: Arkadaşlarına ve ailene dürüst olmak
- Follow the rules: Kurallara uymak, kuralları takip etmek
- Behave fairly: Adil davranmak
- Learn about your history and traditions: Tarihini ve geleneklerini öğrenmek
- Protect your cultural heritage: Kültürel mirasını korumak
- Save money: Para biriktirmek
- Keep up with the latest fashion: En son modaya ayak uydurmak, en son modayı takip etmek
- Get high grades: Yüksek notlar almak
Technology & Media Terms
- Use photo and video sharing applications: Fotoğraf ve video paylaşım uygulamaları kullanmak
- Share something on social media: Sosyal medyada bir şey paylaşmak
- Write comments on trending topics: Çok konuşulan (gündemde olan) konular hakkında yorumlar yazmak
- Smartphone application: Akıllı telefon uygulaması
Time Expressions
- Free time: Boş zaman
- Early: Erken
- Late: Geç
- In the morning: Sabah
- At noon: Öğlen
- In the afternoon: Öğleden sonra
- In the evening: Akşam
- At night: Gece
- Weekdays: Hafta içi günler
- Weekend: Hafta sonu
- Every day: Her gün
- Every week: Her hafta
- Regularly: Düzenli olarak
Other Nouns
- Gym: Spor salonu
- Favourite singer: En sevilen şarkıcı
- Voice: Ses
- What a wonderful World: Ne harika bir dünya
- Beyond the borders: Sınırların ötesinde
- Traditional meal: Geleneksel yemek
- Countryside: Kırsal bölge
Frequency Adverbs
- Always: Her zaman (%100)
- Usually: Genellikle (%90)
- Often: Sıklıkla (%75)
- Sometimes: Bazen (%50)
- Rarely/Seldom: Nadiren (%10)
- Never: Asla (%0)
Grammar: Describing What People Do Regularly / Regular-Daily Activities
Simple Present Tense (Geniş Zaman)
We use the Simple Present Tense to talk about things we generally do, repeated actions, and our habits. In Turkish, this often translates to verbs ending with suffixes like “-r, -ar, -er, -ir, -ır, -ur, -ür” (e.g., yapar, gider, gelir, oynar).
Examples:
- I have breakfast. (Ben kahvaltı yaparım.)
- He gets up early. (O erken uyanır.)
- She plays tennis. (O tenis oynar.)
- I don’t have breakfast. (Ben kahvaltı yapmam.)
- He doesn’t get up early. (O erken uyanmaz.)
- She doesn’t play tennis. (O tenis oynamaz.)
Important Notes:
- When forming a positive sentence with He, She, It subjects, add one of the suffixes -s, -es, or -ies to the verb.
- play –> plays
- go –> goes
- fly –> flies
- When creating negative sentences:
- Use “do not / don’t” after “I, You, We, They” subjects.
- Use “does not / doesn’t” after “He, She, It” subjects.
Frequency of Actions
To ask about the frequency of an action, use the question: “How often…?”
Examples:
- How often do you go running? (Ne sıklıkta koşuya gidersin?)
- How often do you eat junk food? (Ne sıklıkta abur cubur yersin?)
- How often do you train? (Ne sıklıkta antrenman yaparsın?)
Frequency Adverbs
These adverbs indicate how often an action is performed and are typically placed between the subject and the main verb in a sentence.
- Always (Her zaman) – 100%
- Usually (Genellikle) – 90%
- Often (Sık sık) – 75%
- Sometimes (Bazen) – 50%
- Seldom/Rarely (Nadiren) – 10%
- Never (Hiç, hiçbir zaman, asla) – 0%
Examples:
- I always train hard.
- She often goes to the sports centre.
- We never play computer games.
Other Frequency and Time Expressions
These words and phrases are also used to specify how often or when actions occur. They are generally placed at the beginning or end of a sentence.
Examples:
- I get up early every morning.
- I go to the cinema every weekend.
- She goes to Erzurum every winter.
- We go to the theatre once a week.
- He goes to a tennis course twice a month.
- I travel three times a year.
- We have a big breakfast on Sundays.
- I read a book two hours a day.
- They work seven days a week.
- I sleep late.
- I go to school at 08:10.
- I have dinner with my family in the evening.
- I sleep early on Mondays.
- I have basketball course from 4 o’clock to five o’clock.
- I read a book after 09:00 p.m.
- I do homework until eight o’clock in the evening.
Extra Information: Verbs Followed by Gerunds (-ing)
Some verbs and phrases are followed by a gerund (verb + -ing).
- I like/love music. –> I like/love listening to music.
- I prefer Jazz to Opera. –> I prefer listening to Jazz to listening to Opera.
- I am interested in heavy metal. –> I am interested in playing the guitar.
